Aircraft Operations This edition incorporates all amendments approved by the Council prior to 3 October 2006 and supersedes, on 23 November 2006, all previous editions of Doc 8168, Volume I. Doc 8168 OPS/611 Procedures for Air Navigation Services International Civil Aviation Organization Volume I Flight Procedures Fifth edition – 2006.

FOREWORD INTRODUCTION The Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) consists of two volumes as follows: Volume I — Flight Procedures Volume II — Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures The division of the PANS-OPS into the two volumes was accomplished in 1979 as a result of an extensive amendment to the obstacle clearance criteria and the construction of approach-to-land procedures. Prior to 1979, all PANS-OPS material was contained in a single document. Table A shows the origin of amendments together with a list of the principal subjects involved and the dates on which the PANS-OPS and the amendments were approved by the Council and when they became applicable. Volume I — Flight Procedures describes operational procedures recommended for the guidance of flight operations personnel and flight crew.

It also outlines the various parameters on which the criteria in Volume II are based so as to illustrate the need to adhere strictly to the published procedures in order to achieve and maintain an acceptable level of safety in operations. Volume II — Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures is intended for the guidance of procedures specialists and describes the essential areas and obstacle clearance requirements for the achievement of safe, regular instrument flight operations.

It provides the basic guidelines to States, and those operators and organizations producing instrument flight charts that will result in uniform practices at all aerodromes where instrument flight procedures are carried out. Both volumes present coverage of operational practices that are beyond the scope of Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) but with respect to which a measure of international uniformity is desirable. The design of procedures in accordance with PANS-OPS criteria assumes normal operations. It is the responsibility of the operator to provide contingency procedures for abnormal and emergency operations.

COMMENTARY ON THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN VOLUME I Part I — Flight Procedures — General Section 1 — Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms This section contains a description of the terminology to assist in the interpretation of terms which are used in the procedures and have a particular technical meaning. In some cases, the terms are defined in other ICAO documents. A list of abbreviations and acronyms is also provided.

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Section 2 — General principles Section 2 provides general principles to flight procedures such as accuracy to fixes and turn area construction. Section 3 — Departure procedures The specifications concerning instrument departure procedures were developed by the Obstacle Clearance Panel (OCP) in 1983. The material contained in Volume I was developed from criteria contained in Volume II and prepared for the use of flight operations personnel and flight crew. The procedures include areas and obstacle clearance criteria for the instrument departure phase of flight covering the airborne portion of the take-off and climb to a point where obstacle clearance criteria associated with the next phase of flight are applicable. Minimum flight altitudes for each ATS route are determined and promulgated by each Contracting State in accordance with Annex 11, Chapter 2, 2.21.

Contingency procedures are required to provide for any situation in which the aeroplane is unable to utilize these instrument departure procedures. It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure that the performance requirements of Annex 6 are met by the provision of contingency procedures. Section 4 — Arrival and approach procedures These procedures were first developed by the Operations Division in 1949 and were approved by the Council for inclusion in the PANS-OPS in 1951 and have since been amended a number of times. In 1966, the Obstacle Clearance Panel (OCP) was created to update these procedures for application to all types of aeroplanes taking into account requirements for subsonic multi-jet aeroplanes and technical developments with respect to standard radio navigation aids.

As a result of this work, instrument approach procedures were completely revised. The new procedures were incorporated in 1980 in the First Edition of Volume I of PANS-OPS (Amendment 14). Section 5 — En-route criteria En-route obstacle clearance criteria were added to the document on 7 November 1996 as a result of the tenth meeting of the Obstacle Clearance Panel. The criteria were amended in 2004 to include simplified en-route criteria. Section 6 — Holding procedures The specifications concerning holding procedures were first developed by the Operations Division in 1949 and were approved by the Council for inclusion in the PANS-OPS in 1951.